blood group

Blood type is a special characteristic of blood from an individual because of differences in the type of carbohydrates and proteins on the surface of red blood cell membrane. Two types of classification of the most important blood is ABO and Rhesus (Rh factor). In this world is actually known about 46 types of antigens other than ABO and Rh antigens, only more rarely encountered. Blood transfusions from incompatible groups can cause an immunological transfusion reaction resulting in hemolysis anemia, kidney failure, shock, and death.

Human blood group is determined based on the type of antigen and antibodies contained in blood, as follows:

Individuals with blood type A have red blood cells with antigen A on the surface of cell membranes and produce antibodies against antigen B in their blood serum. Thus, people with blood type A-negative can only receive blood from people with blood type A-negative or O-negative.

Individuals with blood type B has B antigens on the surface of red blood cells and produce antibodies against antigen A in their blood serum. Thus, people with blood type B-negative can only receive blood from people with blood dolongan B-negative or O-negative

Individuals with blood type AB have a red blood cell antigens A and B and does not produce antibodies against antigens A and B. Thus, people with blood type AB-positive blood can receive from a person with any ABO blood group and called the universal recipient. However, people with blood type AB-positive can not donate blood except to fellow AB-positive.

Individuals with blood type O has no antigens of blood cells, but produce antibodies against antigens A and B. Thus, people with blood type O-negative can donate blood to people with any ABO blood type and is called the universal donor. However, people with blood type O-negative can only receive blood from another O-negative.
In general, blood type O is most common in the world, although in some countries such as Sweden and Norway, blood type A is dominant. Antigen A more common than antigen B. Since the AB blood type requires the presence of two antigens, A and B, blood type is the type most often encountered in the world. Austrian scientist, Karl Landsteiner, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1930 for his services to find ways ABO blood classification.

1.    Frequency
The spread of blood group A, B, O and AB in the world varies depending on the population or race. One study shows the distribution of blood groups of different populations.O A B AB populationIndigenous tribes of South America 100% - - -Vietnamese people 45.0% 21.4% 29.1% 4.5%Aborigines in Australia 44.4% 55.6% - -The Germans 42.8% 41.9% 11.0% 4.2%Tribal Bengalis 22.0% 24.0% 38.2% 15.7%Interest Saami 18.2% 54.6% 4.8% 12.4% Inheritance Table inheritance of blood type mother to the child's fatherO A B ABO O O, A O, B A, BA O, A O, A O, A, B, AB A, B, ABB O, B O, A, B, AB O, B A, B, ABAB A, B A, B, AB A, B, AB A, B, AB.

2.   Rhesus
Classification of other types of blood are well known is to utilize the Rhesus factor or Rh factor. The name is derived from Rhesus monkey species that are known to have this factor in 1940 by Karl Landsteiner. Someone who does not have Rh factor on the surface of red blood cells have a blood type Rh-. Those who have Rh factor on the surface of red blood cells are said to have Rh + blood type. This type of classification is often combined with ABO. Blood type O + is the most common, although in certain areas a more dominant group, and there are also some areas with 80% of the population with blood type B.
Compatibility of Rhesus factor is important because of incompatibility group. For example, donors with Rh-Rh + while resipiennya) can cause production of antibodies against the Rh antigen (D) resulting in hemolysis. This is especially true in women who are at or below the age of birth because Rh factors can affect the fetus during pregnancy.

Compatibility of blood groupsBlood type compatibility table RBC Donor recipientO-O + A-A + B-B-AB + AB +O-Yes No No No No No No NoO + Yes Yes No No No No No NoA-Yes No Yes No No No No NoA + Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No NoB-Yes No No No Yes No No NoB + Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No NoAB-Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes NoAB + Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesDonor recipient matching tables plasmaO A B ABO Yes Yes Yes YesA No Yes No YesB No No Yes Yes AB No No No Yes

Source : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/golongan_darah