blood

human blood : a-eritrocytes; b-neutrophils; c-eosinophils; d-lymphocytes

Blood is the fluid found in all living things (except plants) that serves to send a high level of substances and oxygen needed by body tissues, carrying chemical products of metabolism, as well as the body's defense against viruses or bacteria. The medical term relating to the blood begins with the word hemo-or hemato-derived from the Greek Haima meaning blood.

In insects, the blood (or better known as hemolimfe) is not involved in the circulation of oxygen. Oxygen in the insect tracheal system be circulated through the ducts that channel air directly into the body tissues. Insect blood transports substances to the body tissues and remove metabolic waste materials.

In other animals, the main function of blood is to transport oxygen from the lungs or gills to body tissues. Hemoglobin contained in blood that serves as the binding of oxygen. In most invertebrates or invertebrates are small, the direct oxygen plasma to seep into the blood because the oxygen-carrying protein freely dissolved. Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein found in the most effective and vertebrate animals or vertebrates. Hemosianin, blue, containing copper, and is used by animals crustaceans. Squid using vanadium kromagen (light green, blue, orange or yellow).

human blood : a-eritrocytes; b-neutrophils; c-eosinophils; d-lymphocytes

Human bloodHuman blood samples

Human blood is a fluid tissue. Its main function is to transport oxygen required by cells throughout the body. Blood also supplies the body tissues with nutrients, transporting metabolic waste substances, and contain a variety of materials making up the immune system that aims to defend the body from various diseases. The hormones of the endocrine system is also circulated through the blood.

Human blood is red, the bright red when oxygenated to dark red when deprived of oxygen. The red color of the blood caused by hemoglobin, the protein breathing (respiratory proteins) that contain iron in the form of heme, which is where the bound oxygen molecules.

Humans have a closed circulatory system which means the blood flow in blood vessels and circulated by the heart. Blood is pumped by the heart to the lungs to remove metabolic waste in the form of carbon dioxide and absorb oxygen through the pulmonary artery, and then taken back to the heart via the pulmonary veins.

After the blood was sent to the whole body by the blood vessels of the aorta. Blood circulate oxygen throughout the body via the blood subtle channels called capillaries. The blood is then returned to the heart through a vein and superior vena cava inferior vena cava.

Blood also transports metabolic waste materials, drugs and foreign chemicals to the liver to be degraded and the kidneys to be excreted as urine.

 

human blood samples

Composition

The blood consists instead of a few types of corpuscles that form part of the blood of 45%, this figure hermatokrit expressed in value or volume of packed red blood cells which ranged from 40 to 47. 55% of the other sections in the form of a yellowish fluid that forms a liquid medium of the blood called blood plasma.

Blood corpuscles consist of:

Red blood cells or erythrocytes (about 99%).

Erythrocytes have no nucleus or organelles, and are not considered in terms of cell biology. Erythrocytes containing hemoglobin and distribute oxygen. Red blood cells also play a role in the determination of blood groups. People who suffer from deficiency anemia erythrocytes.

The fragments of blood or platelets (0.6 - 1.0%)

Platelets are responsible for blood clotting process.

White blood cells or leukocytes (0.2%)

Leukocytes are responsible for the body's immune system and served to destroy objects that are considered foreign and harmful by the body, such as viruses or bacteria. Leukocytes are amuboid or do not have a fixed shape. People who suffer from excess leukocyte leukemia, whereas people with low leukocyte leukopenia disease.

Composition of Blood. blood serum or plasma consists of:

Ø Water: 91.0%

Ø Protein: 8.0% (albumin, globulin, prothrombin and fibrinogen.

Ø Minerals: 0.9% (sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, salts of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron, etc.)

Ø Salt

Blood plasma is essentially an aqueous solution containing: 

- albumin

- blood clotting material

-immunoglobulin (antibody)

-hormone

- various types of proteins

- various types of salt

Health

Injuries can cause severe blood loss. Platelets cause blood to clot, the wound is small, but large wounds should be treated immediately to prevent blood shortages. Damage to internal organs can cause severe injuries or hemorrhage.

Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that causes malfunctions in a person's blood clotting. As a result, minor injuries can be life threatening.
Leukemia is a cancer on the body-forming tissues of white blood cells.

This disease occurs due to errors in white blood cell division resulting in increased white blood cell count and then eat a normal white blood cells.
Severe bleeding, either by accident or not (as in surgery), as well as blood diseases like anemia and thalassemia, which requires blood transfusion.

 

Several countries have blood banks to meet the demand for blood transfusions. Blood recipients should have the same blood type with the contributor.

Blood also is one of the "vector" in the transmission of the disease. One example of a disease can be transmitted through blood is AIDS. Blood containing the HIV virus from an HIV-positive living things can be transmitted to other living things through touch between the blood with blood, semen, or body fluids of living things are. Because of disease transmission can occur through blood, blood-containing objects regarded as biohazard or biological threats.

In the interests of the diagnosis of disease, blood pressure has a very important role.

Confidence

Because blood has a large essential functions of life, blood is associated with some confidence.

Christians believe that the wine of the Eucharist ceremony symbolizes the blood of Jesus Christ that was shed to atone for human sin.

Vampires are fictional creatures are believed to continue to live by sucking the blood of people who are still alive.

Islam forbids its adherents to eat / drink the blood.

    In theory the Middle Ages one of the four elements of the body, blood is associated with the element of fire and cheerful and glutton that are recognized as having a disposition "bloody".

Source : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darah